直接引语与间接引语的转换方法

一、人称代词的变化： 

直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化一般规律是：

第一人称→第三人称；

第二人称→第一人称；

第三人称→第三人称。

简记为“二一、一三、三留”。 

二、时态的变化：

直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移：

一般现在时→一般过去时，

一般将来时→过去将来时，

现在进行时→过去进行时，

现在完成时→过去完成时，

一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。

注意：直接引语属下列情况时，时态不作变化：

1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时：

如：The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."

   → The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.

2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态：

如：The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."

   → The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.

3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时：

如：The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."

   → The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.

4、直接引语谓语有情态动词：had better，would rather及need，must，oughtto等时：

如：He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."

   → He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.

5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.

三、句型的变化：

直接引语变间接引语时，句型要作适当变化：

1、变陈述句为由that引导的从句（that常省略）：

如："I want to improve my English at school," said the child.

   → The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.

2、变一般疑问句为由if/whether引导的从句：

如："Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.

   → Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.

3、变选择疑问句为由whether...or.../whether...or not引导的从句：

如："Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.

   → She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.

4、变反意问句时，要视说话者的语气而定：

（1）表示疑问时，先需去掉后面的反意问句部分，再按一般疑问句变化。

如："You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.

   → The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.

（2）表示提醒或警告等特别语气时，先按陈述句变化，再把间接引语前的动词更换为表示相应语气的动词remind，warn等。

如："You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.

   → The teacher warned me that I was late for class.

5、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句：

如："When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.

   → Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.

6、变祈使句为不定式短语，作动词ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的宾语补足语，宾语为说话者的对象，选什么动词，视情况而定：

如：The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."

   → The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.

7、变感叹句为how或what引出的从句，也可用that引出从句：

如："How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.

   → The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.

或：The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.

8、直接引语是多个句子时，按其句型特点，用上面的方法分别处理，并用and连接：

如：Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"

   → Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.

9、若直接引语是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 时，变成间接引语语序不变：

如："What's the matter?" said he.

   → He asked me what was the matter.

直接引语变间接引语词语转化对比：

注意：如果在当时转述别人话，不必要改变时间状语；在原地转述别人的话，也不必改变地点状语，同样，come也不一定要改为go。

如：John said just now, "I came here yesterday."

    →John said just now that he came here yesterday.